当代基督宗教传教运动与认同政治

Contemporary Christian Missionary Movement and Identity Politics

身份认同建构是一种动态社会过程,各类组织的利益内涵和边界在此过程中形成、明确或重构。作者以认同政治为视角归纳了当代基督宗教传教运动的全球政治效应。基督宗教以信仰为基,通过传教运动不断发展信徒、扩展组织并建立跨国网络,在此过程中持续改变或强化个人和集体认同,推动基督教继续向南移动,成为世界第一大宗教,同时西方基督教仍居世界基督教的中心地位。在传教进程中基督教组织成为全球公民社会重要主体,推动基督教从私人信仰走向公共宗教,同时通过深化次国家认同和超国家认同对民族认同形成挑战。其表现在于与美国为首的西方国家安全战略形成合流、推动认同整合和分裂而影响传统安全、在疾病防治等方面对非传统安全产生影响。基于此,基督教传教运动可在全球、国家和地方层面发起观念、组织和制度革新或革命,成为21世纪国际关系中的革新或革命引信。

Identity is a dynamic process of social construction which defines the meaning and boundary of the interests of various international organizations. Using the perspective of identity politics,the paper tries to summarize the impact of the international Christian missionary movement on world politics. With the world-wide expansion of the said movement, Christian churches have had a rapid growth in terms of the numbers of their followers,organizations and global networks in recent decades. In the process they have made the issue of identity more important to Christians and non-Christians alike,and have further pushed Christianity to the so-called global South. As the largest religion in the world,Christianity is still dominated by the Western Churches. In the South-sifting process the various Christian organizations have become important actors in the emerging global civil society and made Christianity an international public religion,forming a challenge to the national identity of sovereign states by strengthening sub-national and supranational identities within these states. The movement also has a significant influence on the formation and implementation of the national security strategies of the Western countries on both traditional security issues like militarized anti-terrorism campaign and non-traditional security issues like disease control and prevention. The paper ends with a discussion on the revolutionary operational concepts and organizational structure of the international Christian missionary movement,regarding it as a revolutionary fuse of international relations in the 21st century.