互联网、宗教与国际关系——基于结构化理论的资源动员论观点

Internet,Religion and International Relations: From the Perspective of Resource Mobilization Theory

宗教与国际关系是两个具有独立结构并有所交集的系统,交集的区域即是宗教与国际关系的互动。在宗教和国际关系结构基本稳定的情况下,互联网作为动员资源不仅使宗教非政府行为体获得了媒体资源,而且作为社交平台和通讯网络增强了宗教组织及宗教团体的内部联系,提升了它们的组织能力;同时,经由互联网传递出来的信息,既增强了人们的宗教认同感,又塑造了人们对周围世界的看法并改变了他们的行动方式,从而使宗教组织和个人成为国际关系行为体的可能性加大,国家宗教形象、人道主义援助、社会运动和恐怖主义的传播都因此受到影响。可以说,互联网是宗教与国际关系中互动领域扩大的关键。

This paper uses 'structuration theory'as a standing point for discussion in which religion and international relations are depicted as two analytic categories playing the role of a structure as well as an initiating agency. These two categories have an overlapping area where governmental and religious non-governmental agents interact with each other and among themselves. Given the fact that the structures of both religion and international relations are relatively stable,Internet as a mobilizing resource for religious non-governmental actors significantly increases their abilities to engage in international affairs,therefore enlarging the area of interaction for religion and international relations.