麻疹疫苗强化免疫疑似预防接种异常反应监测

Surveillance and analyze of suspected adverse events following intensive measles immunization in Tongzhou,Beijing

目的对麻疹强化免疫中发生的疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的原因进行分析和探讨,不断总结经验,正确认识AEFI问题,采取正确处理措施。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对监测数据进行分析。结果麻疹疫苗强化免疫共接种113622人,报告AEFI31例,总体报告发生率27.28/10万,其中一般反应11例(占35.48%),异常反应14例(占45.16%),偶合症6例(占19.35%),发生率依次为9.68/10万、12.32/10万和5.28/10万。一般反应中发热≥39℃占81.82%,异常反应主要为过敏性皮疹,占71.43%。80.65%疑似预防接种异常反应发生于接种后24h内,所有病例转归良好。结论此次麻疹疫苗强化免疫发生的AEFI主要是由疫苗本身固有性质所引起,虽报告发生率偏高,但反应的类型与严重程度与预期一致,未发现新的或罕见的疑似预防接种异常反应。

Objective To investigate the cause of suspected adverse events following intensive measles immunization（AEFMI） in Tongzhou,Beijing,to sum up their lessons,understand them correctly and take measures correctly managing them.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used for analysis of surveillance data.Results Totally,113 622 doses of measles vaccine were consumed in the intensive immunization for children aged eight months to 14 years during September 11~20,2010 in Tongzhou,Beijing.In total,31 cases of suspected AEFMI were reported,with an overall incidence of 27.28/100000,including 11 cases of common reactions（35.48%）,14 of abnormal reactions（45.16%）,six of coincidental illness（19.35%）,with incidence of 9.68/100000,12.32/100000 and 5.28/100000,respectively.Fever higher than 39℃ accounted for 81.82 percent in common reactions and 71.43 percent in abnormal reactions mainly with allergic skin rash.There were 80.65 percent of AEFMI occurred within 24 hours after measles immunization and all of them recovered well.No new or rare adverse reaction was observed after intensive measles immunization.Conclusion Adverse events following intensive measles immunization campaign are mainly caused by inherent nature of the vaccine itself.Although reported incidence of AEFMI in intensive immunization is higher than that in routine immunization,types and severity of adverse reactions are consistent with those expected.There is no rare or new adverse reaction occurred after intensive measles immunization.