优先权制度在我国构建的争论与设想

The Controversy and Conception on the Establishment of Priority System in China

我国民法体系中没有关于优先权制度的一般性规定,只是在某些特别法和程序法中就特殊社会关系规定了具体优先权。在《物权法》制定过程中,学界对应否规定优先权制度争议较大,但《物权法》最终对此也未作规定。优先权制度具有国内现有担保制度无法替代的特有功能,该制度的缺失使得一些基本的社会利益尤其是特别债权人的利益难以找到适当的制度予以保障。本文认为,我国未来的《民法典》应规定优先权制度以剔除此立法缺陷,但如何构建和设计该制度值得深入研究。

There is no general stipulation on priority system in the China civil law system,but there exist certain provisions on specific priorities pertinent to special social relations in some special civil laws and procedure laws.A debate on the topic whether the priority system should be stipulated in the Real Right Law broke out in the academic world during the legislative proceeding of the Real Right Law.Finally,the Real Right Law failed to make any stipulation.The priority system has special functions that cannot be replaced by other existing security systems.The absence of the priority system renders some basic social interests,especially the interest of the special creditors,exposed without any proper systemic protection.The priority system shall be stipulated in the upcoming China Civil Code so as to remove this legislative defect,but how to establish and design this system in China deserves further research.