新型水基防腐剂在木材中的固着机理研究进展

Review on the Mechanisms of the New Water-borne Preservatives in Treated Wood

对几种主要的水基木材防腐在木材中的固着机理进行了介绍。其中,在胺/氨铜防腐剂体系中,防腐剂中有效成分与木材实质间的反应主要为木质素及半纤维素中的羧基及羟基发生离子交换反应;在微化铜木材防腐剂体系(MCQ/MCA)中,防腐剂中有效成分通过高分子分散剂与木材纤维间较强的附着力固着在处理材中;而在硼类防腐剂体系中,防腐剂中有效成分的固着机理与铜比较相似,但硼酸盐无法直接固着在羧基及羟基中,因此有效成分的固着研究主要涉及以下两个方面:1)增加硼类防腐处理材的疏水性;2)与有机化学物质复合生成稳定的化合物固着在木材中。

The fixation mechanisms of the main water-borne preservatives in treated wood were reviewed.The fixation mechanism of copper-amine/ammonia based-wood preservative systems was ionic exchange reactions between the active ingredients in the preservative with the carboxyl groups and the hydroxyl groups in the wood lignin and hemicellulose.In the micro-copper wood preservative systems,the fixation mechanism is attributed to the stronger adhesive force between the higher molecular dispersing agent and cellulose.For the boron-based preservative system,the fixation mechanism is similar to the copper-based preservatives,but the borate could not be fixed in treated wood directly.Therefore the research of the active ingredient fixation in treated wood deals mainly about the following aspects： 1） improving the hydrophobic propertics of boron-based preservative-treated wood;2） complexing with organic chemicals and generating stable compound fixed in treated wood.