青海省公路桥涵水文分区方法与指标研究

Research on Method and Index of Highway Bridge Hydrologic Regionalization in Qinghai Province

介绍了青海省公路桥涵水文分区的现状,通过分析河流的水情变化,论证了修正现行水文分区的必要性,并结合青海省河流的特殊性,对比了省内外一些典型的水文区划方法及水文因子。结果表明:①应根据流域水系、内外流区、沙漠面积等定性指标,以原水文分区为一级区划,在其基础上进行修正并确定二级分区;②利用河川径流强度指标法进行分区划分时,分区指标为年平均降水量、岩土类型、河网密度和沟谷比重;③利用模糊聚类法进行分区划分时,分区指标为年平均径流深、年平均降水量、气候带、河流补给形式及单位面积上50 a一遇设计流量,但只有黄河上游区、湟水大通河区可使用该方法;④青海省内沙漠面积较大,在分区时可将其划分为"非产流区"。

A regionalization method of the Qinghai hydrological status of highway bridges and culverts is introduced.By analyzing the river water regime diversification demonstrated the necessity to amend the existing hydrological zoning,the typical methods of hydrological zoning and hydrological factors inside and outside of Qinghai Province are compared combining with the special nature of rivers in Qinghai Province.The results showed that,the two partitions should be correct and determine based on river basin water,inside and outside the flow area,desert area,qualitative indicators and the original hydrology of a zoning district.The partition index should be the average annual rainfall,rock type,drainage density and the proportion of the valley when using river runoff method district;The partition index should be the average annual runoff,average annual precipitation,climatic zones,the design river flow supply per 50 years of the unit area when the fuzzy clustering district method will be used.But the method is only used in the Yellow River area and Huangshui Datong River area.The partition can be classified as ＂non-runoff area＂ because the desert area of Qinghai Province is larger than other area.