论杜威对经验的改造

Dewey's Reconstruction of the Conception of Experience

"经验"是西方哲学史上的一个非常重要的概念。杜威对历史上的哲学流派如何使用经验概念进行了反思,并批判性地分析了古希腊哲学"经验即艺术"的观念、近代认识论哲学中唯理论派和传统经验论派的感觉经验观。他在黑格尔生长性的整体观基础上,汲取进化论、物理学和心理学等方面的新成就,赋予"经验"以一种全新的哲学内涵,从而改造了"经验"概念,超越了传统哲学的二元分离,进而为"知-行"结合、关注日常的生活经验和科学实验的经验方法铺平了道路。

Dewey analyses and criticizes the view of experience in the traditional philosophies, including the ancient Greek＇s view and the sensational experience conception of the recent philosophies of both of idealist and empiricist, He combined the new achievements in such scientific areas as Darwin evolution, experimental psychology, and endowed experience with new philosophical meanings, so reconstructed it, and closed the division in traditional dualism. That created a foundation for his knowledge-action combination, focusing on ordinary life experience, and emphasis on the empirical method in scientific experiments.