日本不正当交易限制的法律规制及宽大方针

The Regulation on Unreasonable Restraint of Trade and Leniency Policy in Japan

不正当交易限制是日本《禁止垄断法》严格规制的事业者间合意限制竞争的垄断协议行为。对于该行为,日本采取实质性限制竞争及原则违法的规制原则,及行政处罚为主、刑事制裁为辅的制裁措施。其中,行政罚款根据不同产业领域、企业规模,按照各自固定的比率征收;刑事责任则根据公正交易委员会的专属告发,对恶性卡特尔处以5年以下有期徒刑及500万日元以下罚金。同时,为有效抑制不正当交易限制行为,日本还建立了加罚制度和宽大方针。

Unreasonable restraint of trade is such activity by which entrepreneur in concert with other entrepreneurs re- strict their business activities, which is strictly forbidden by monopoly law of Japan. Japan regulates the agreement by the standard of substantial restraint of competition and per se illegal, and adopts administrative penalties and criminal sanctions. According to different industrial fields and entrepreneur scales, the Fair Trade Commission shall order the entrepreneur to pay the fixed and same ratio fines. The core cartel shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than five years or by a fine of not more than five million yen. Japan establishes additional penalty and leniency policy.