汉语外来词范畴试探——从外来词语言文化二重性看汉语外来词的范畴

A Probe into the Category of Chinese Foreign-originated Words——The Category of Chinese Foreign-originated Words Viewed from the Linguistic and Cultural Duality

汉语外来词是一个具有一定模糊性的范畴。各类外来词所含外来和固有语言文化因素的不同决定了它们在外来词范畴中地位的不同。从语言二重性来看,外来词范畴中拼音借形词、意译词和仿译词隶属度较低。从文化二重性来看,各种外来词所含外来和固有文化因素的多寡并不在于其引入方式,而在于其本土化程度。总体来说,在汉语外来词范畴中,谐意音译词处于中心区域,拼音借形词、意译词和仿译词处于边缘地带,是边缘外来词。

The category of Chinese foreign-originated words is a category with fuzziness to a certain extent. The various kinds of foreign originated words are different in the amount of foreign or domestic linguistic and cultural factors they have, which determines their different positions in the category. Viewed from the linguistic duality,in the category of foreign-originated words, the membership degrees of letter-words, free-translation words and caiques are low. Viewed from the cultural duality,the amount of the foreign and domestic cultural factors of the various kinds of foreign-originated words does not depend on the ways of absorption, but on the degrees of their localization. On the whole, in the category of foreign-originated words in Chi- nese, words of transliteration with implied meanings are in the central area;letter-words ,free-translation words and caiques are in the marginal areas, so, they are marginal foreign-originated words