移动式容器中液体的晃动及其影响因素的研究

Study of Liquid Sloshing and Its Influence Factors in a Movable Vessel

保证移动式压力容器的运行安全具有特殊重要性。结合典型移动式压力容器———罐式集装箱,数值模拟了罐体内液体的晃动过程,重点考察了冲击力、压强、雷诺数等物理量的变化。结果发现,晃动所产生的最大压强远大于初始最大静压强,晃动过程中流场湍动剧烈;加速度越大,充装率越大,容积越小,最大冲击力出现的时刻越早;当罐内充装一半液体,即充装率为0.5时,晃动最剧烈;在数值模拟基础上,以加速度、充装率、介质密度和罐体容积等变量为参数,拟合出液体晃动对罐体封头的最大冲击力计算公式,精度超过95%;对于湍流状态的晃动,黏度对最大冲击力的影响很小。

It is especially important to ensure the safety operation of movable pressure vessels.Liquid sloshing in a typical movable pressure vessel-tank container was numerically simulated with the emphasis on the changes of impact force,pressure and Reynolds Number.It was found that the maximum pressure produced by liquid sloshing is much larger than the initial static pressure and severe turbulence in flow field is produced upon sloshing.A large acceleration,a larger filling rate and a smaller volume would give an early action of the maximum impact force.The most violent liquid sloshing appears when the tank is filled with a half liquid or the filling rate is 0.5.A formula for calculating the maximum impact force on the tank head during the sloshing was regressed as a function of acceleration,filling rate,liquid density and tank volume with the accuracy of more than 95%.If the sloshing is in a turbulent state,viscosity of the fluid has little effect on the maximum impact force.