双台子河口湿地不同植物群落土壤营养元素及含盐量研究

Study on Nutrient and Salinity in Soil Covered with Different Vegetations in Shuangtaizi Estuarine Wetlands

采用时空互代法,选择辽宁双台子河口湿地中芦苇(Phragmites australis(Clav.)Trin.)、香蒲(Typha orientalis Presl.)、碱茅(Puccinellia distans Parl)和碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)4种群落,研究了不同植物群落土壤中营养元素和含盐量分布特征,探讨了河口湿地植被演替过程中营养元素的变化规律.结果表明,不同植物群落土壤中全钾、全磷、含盐量存在显著性差异,而速效磷、全氮、速效氮、速效钾、全硫、全铁和有机质含量不存在显著性差异.相关性分析表明,有机质含量与全氮、速效磷、速效钾显著或极显著相关,植物残体分解可能是土壤中氮及有效养分的主要来源;土壤含盐量与全磷、全铁含量呈显著正相关关系.双台子河口湿地土壤中碳氮比(RC/N)变化范围为12.21～26.33,平均为18.21,表明双台子河口湿地土壤中的有机质主要为"陆源"而非"海源",河口湿地植物群落对河口区土壤中有机质具有重要贡献.4种植物群落土壤碳氮比不存在显著性差异(F=1.890,p=0.151).土壤碳氮比与土壤含盐量显著相关(r=0.346 3,p=0.035 8),随着土壤含盐量的增加,土壤中的碳氮比升高.

Nutrient elements and salinity in soil covered by different vegetations including Phragmites australis（Clav.） Trin.,Typha orientalis Presl.,Puccinellia distans Parl,and Suaeda salsa in Shuangtaizi estuarine wetlands were investigated to study their distribution characteristics and to reveal the nutrient element variation during the vegetation succession processes.Results indicated that total potassium,total phosphorus and salinity were different significantly in soil between different plant communities while available phosphorus,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium,total sulfur,iron and soil organic carbon were different insignificantly.Correlation analysis suggested that soil organic carbon were related significantly to total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,which implied that decomposition of plant litter might be the mail source of soil nitrogen and available nutrient.Salinity was significantly related to total phosphorus and iron in soil.In Shuangtaizi estuarine wetland soil,ratios of carbon to nitrogen（RC/N） was in the range of 12.21-26.33 and the average value was 18.21,which was higher than 12.0.It indicated that soil organic carbon in Shuangtaizi estuarine mainly came from land but not ocean and plants contributed the most of soil organic matters.There was no significant difference in RC/N between soil from the four plant communities（F=1.890,p=0.151）.RC/N was related significantly to sol salinity（r=0.346 3,p=0.035 8） and was increasing with soil salinity.