夏秋季北京及河北三城市的大气污染联合观测研究

Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollutants in Beijing,Zhuozhou,Baoding and Shijiazhuang During the Period of Summer and Autumn

为评估北京西南方向城市群对北京大气污染的影响,于2009年夏秋季节(2009年7月16日～10月15日),利用自动在线大气环境观测仪器,对北京及太行山东侧河北省的3个城市涿州、保定和石家庄进行了大气污染物PM10、NOx和O3的联合观测研究.结果表明,夏秋季节4个城市的首要污染物均为可吸入颗粒物(PM10),平均质量浓度分别为(99±88)、(121±74)、(141±92)和(180±107)μg/m3,NOx平均质量浓度分别为(66±48)、(23±14)、(47±35)和(52±32)μg/m3;大气光化学污染物O3浓度小时最高平均值分别达到(107±60)、(128±55)、(164±61)和(120±54)μg/m3.受局地源影响,石家庄颗粒物造成的大气污染最为严重,依次为保定、涿州、北京;受大城市北京和石家庄的双重影响,保定地区大气二次污染物臭氧浓度最高,其次为涿州、石家庄,北京最低.对2009年7月出现的2次典型区域大气污染过程分析表明,太行山东侧河北城市群污染物排放及大气光化学污染对北京及华北区域空气质量有显著影响.

In order to evaluate the potential impact of the atmospheric pollution in Beijing by those cities which located southwest of it,the observations of PM10,NOx and O3 were conducted during the period of summer-autumn（Jul.16-Oct.15,2009） in Beijing,Zhuozhou,Baoding and Shijiazhuang online,with the automated instruments which conform to international standards.The results showed that the principal pollutant was PM10,and the average concentration was（99±88）,（121±74）,（141±92）and（180±107）μg/m3,respectively.The concentration of NOx was（66±48）,（23±14）,（47±35）and（52±32）μg/m3,respectively.Ozone,the photochemical pollutant,the daily maximum concentration hourly was（107±60）,（128±55）,（164±61）and（120±54）μg/m3,respectively.Owing to the emission of local sources,the atmospheric PM10 pollution of Shijiazhuang was the most serious in 4 cities,in order was Baoding,Zhuozhou and Beijing.However,the average concentration of O3 in Baoding was the highest for the dual influence of Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Two episodes of heavy regional atmospheric pollution in July 2009 were analyzed with the surface meteorological data and backward trajectory model.The results suggested that the air quality in Beijing and the surrounding areas was significant influenced by the three cities of Hebei province in summer-autumn.