不同饵料搭配对凡纳滨对虾幼体与仔虾的影响

Effects of Different Diet Combinations on Larval and Post-larval of Litopenaeus vannamei

采用牟氏角毛藻(CM)、绿色巴夫藻(PV)、湛江叉鞭金藻(DG)、云微藻(Cs)及其营养强化的轮虫(BP)和蒙古裸腹溞(MM),与配合饲料(FD)、卤虫无节幼体(AS)搭配饲养凡纳滨对虾幼体,测定饵料脂肪酸含量,比较幼体存活率(r)与发育速率,研究了不同饵料搭配对幼体与仔虾发育的影响。结果表明:Z1→Z2,投喂CM、DG、PV的r最高,约90%;Z2→Z3,投喂FD、CM+FD、CM+BPCM的r最高,PV+BPPV的r最低,变态延缓1 d;Z3→P,CM+BPCM、PV+BPPV、CM+FD为饵料的r好于其它组;仔虾阶段,FD+AS为饵料的r最低,为45.3%,其余组均大于90%。结合饵料脂肪酸含量可知,强化MM体内脂肪酸组成和含量与藻类趋于一致,受食物的影响大于BP;可用CM、PV、DG为开口饵料(延续至P),并与BPCM或BPCs、AS、MMPV搭配用于凡纳滨对虾虾苗生产。

Larval Litopenaeus vannamei were fed with diet combinations of Chaetoceros mulleri （CM）, Pavlova vilids （PV）, Dircaraleria galbana （DG）, Chlorophyta sp. （Cs）, and nutrition-intensified Brachionus plicatilis （BP） and Moina mongolica （MM） matched with formula feed （FD） and A itemia salina （AS）. Effects of different combinations of diet on larval and post larval of Litopenaeus vannamei were analyzed by determining the content of fatty acids in diet and comparing the survival rates （r） and developmental rate of larval Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed as follows： from Z1 to Z2, the larval fed with CM, DG and PV had the highest r around 90%; from Z2 to Z3, the larval fed with FD, CM＋FD and CM＋BPCM had the highest r, and the larval fed with PV＋BPPV had the lowest r and its metamorphosis delayed for one day; from Z3 to P, the larval fed with CM＋BPCM, PV＋BPPV and CM＋FD had better r than the other groups; the lowest r of post-larval was in the group fed with FD＋AS, which was 45.3%, and that in the other groups all were higher than 90%. According to the content of fatty acids in diet, it could be concluded that the composition and content of fatty acids in nutrition-intensified MM were consistent to that in micro-algae, so MM is more easily influenced by diet than BP; CM, PV and DG are fit for Z1 to P as weaning feed, and they also can be combined with BPCM or BPCs, AS, MMPV to feed for larval of Litopenaeus vannamei.