基于自我相似面孔的亲缘选择与配偶选择行为

Facial Self-Resemblance in Kinship Selection and Mate Choice

根据广义适合度理论,自我相似面孔与亲缘选择和配偶选择行为密切相关。自我相似面孔可以促进个体的亲缘利他行为,影响配偶选择行为。来自"夫妻相"、"性印刻"的描述性研究数据支持自我相似面孔与配偶选择偏好之间的相关关系。来自实验研究的数据,结论尚不统一。有些证实自我相似面孔可以引发配偶选择偏好,有些却不支持这一结论。最近的研究从内隐及外显认知上分离择偶过程中对自我相似面孔的偏好:认为偏好是内隐的,一旦上升到意识层面便会消失。另有研究从性选择策略上对自我相似面孔偏好的原因进行解读。对自我相似面孔偏好的神经机制的研究也有一些新的发现。未来研究可借助fMRI等工具从认知过程及神经机制上对自我相似面孔偏好的现象作进一步探讨。

The role of facial self-resemblance in kinship altruism behavior and mate choice has been investigated according to Hamilton＇s inclusive fitness theory. While many researches indicate that self-facial resemblance promotes kinship altruism, its role in mate choice is quite controversy. While the evidence of assortative mating claims facial self-resemblance preference in mate choice, the experimental data are inconsistent. Some researches confirm the facial self-preference effect, but the others do not. However the recent research indicates that the facial self-preference effect in mate choice is an implicit process. As soon as the subjects realize that the composites have themselves in it the effect disappears. Another research claims that the facial self-preference effect depends on what strategies the subjects take on tradeoffs between absolute and relative qualities of potential mates. Based on the behavioral data, neural implications are introduced to further understanding the nature of these two kinds of social behavior.