工伤保险赔偿与第三人侵权损害赔偿竞合情形的裁判进路论部分兼得模式的选择

An Approach to Trial of Concurrence between Insurance Indemnity of Industrial Injury and Third Party Infringement Compensation——On Choosing Partial Compatibility Mode

对工伤保险赔偿与第三人侵权损害赔偿案件的裁判,理论界存在选择模式、取代模式、补充模式、兼得模式等争议。我国包括侵权责任法在内的相关法律对此未作出明确规定,实务界对两者关系的法律适用认识不一,案件裁判的尺度也不统一,损害了司法公信和权威。正确处理两者关系,应该准确认识和把握工伤保险赔偿和第三人侵权损害赔偿的性质,厘定主体间利益冲突的合理平衡点,在遵循侵权损害填补规则的基础上,区分两种不同制度的特点和功能,按照两者赔偿项目的不同性质进行分类处理,适用"部分兼得模式"的裁判进路。

As to the judgment of cases with respect to insurance indemnity of industrial injury and third party infringement compensation, there are theoretical controversies over choice mode, replacement mode, supplement mode and compatibility mode. No definite provisions regarding this issue can be found in China＇ s relevant laws including ＂Tort Liability Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂ ; the practice circle fails to reach a consensus over legal application of the relation between them; and there is no unified standard for case trial. Public confidence and authority in judicial system is accordingly damaged. To handle the relation between them, it is vital to gain an adequate understanding of the nature of insurance indemnity of industrial injury and third party infringement compensation and to determine the rational equalization point of the interests amid all the parties involved. Besides, the two compensating systems should be differentiated in terms of their characteristics and functions based on the rule of compensating tort damages. The two systems are tackled differently according to the different nature of compensations by adopting partial compatibility mode.