有机桃园天敌与蚜虫的互作关系及生态调控措施

The relationship between aphids and their natural enemies and the ecological management

蚜虫是有机桃园早期的主要害虫类群,为研究蚜虫与天敌的互作关系及生态调控措施,在基地内设计了地表种植大蒜+覆盖地膜、种植100%紫花苜蓿和70%紫花苜蓿+30%夏至草3种生态调控模式,调查昆虫群落的变化,分析蚜虫的主要天敌及生态调控措施的效果。结果表明,桃蚜、桃粉蚜和桃瘤蚜的主要天敌分别为龟纹瓢虫、小花蝽和七星瓢虫。蚜虫数量与益害比呈显著负相关关系。与对照处理相比,种植100%紫花苜蓿处理小区和种植70%紫花苜蓿+30%夏至草处理小区,益害比和天敌群落均匀度指数均显著升高,蚜虫总体数量显著降低。果园种植100%紫花苜蓿可以有效降低桃蚜数量;种植70%紫花苜蓿+30%夏至草可以有效降低桃蚜、桃粉蚜、桃瘤蚜3种蚜虫的种群数量。

Aphids are primary pests of peach in early organic field. In order to know the relationship between aphids and their natural enemies and the ecological management, we design three ecological control mode, which are the treatment of planting garlic ＋ mulch plastic film, the treatment of planting 100% alfalfa and the treatment of planting 70% alfalfa ＋ 30% Lagopsis supine. We investigate the insect community, analyse the natural enemies of aphids and the effect of ecological management. The results showed the main natural enemies of Myzus persicae （Sulzer）, Hyalopterus amygdali （Blanchard） and Tuberocephalus momonis （Matsumura） were Propylea japonica （ Thunberg）, Or/us sauter/ （Poppius） and Coccinella septempunctata （Linnaeusaeus）. There was negative relationship between aphids and natural enemy/pest index. The natural enemy/pest index and evenness of natural enemies was significantly high- er and the abundance of M. persicae, H. amygdali and T. momon/s were significantly lower in the treat- ment of planting 100% alfalfa and in the treatment of planting 70% alfalfa ＋ 30% L. supina than those of control treatment. It is benefit to control green peach aphids with planting 100% alfalfa and it is benefit to control M. persicae, H. amygdali and T. momonis with planting 70% alfalfa ＋ 30% L. supina.