以反恐为名的冷战征伐——20世纪80年代里根政府军事打击利比亚决策探析

The Policy Making Process on Military Strike against Libya of the Reagan Administration during the 1980's

利比亚因其石油资源丰富、地理位置独特一直是美苏冷战争夺的焦点。1969年卡扎菲夺取政权后推行强硬的外交政策,对美国在北非、中东地区的安全利益形成挑战。20世纪80年代,里根政府利用军事挑衅、公开制裁、隐蔽行动等多种手段力图颠覆卡扎菲政权,并在经济制裁无果、隐蔽行动流产的情况下,借反恐之名对利比亚发动军事打击。这一行动是美国综合考虑军力对比、政治宣传、冷战博弈和地缘政治等方面因素做出的战略抉择,也是美国在西亚、北非推行冷战安全战略的必然结果。

Libya was one of the focuses of the contention of the U.S.and the Soviet Union during the Cold War era because of its rich oil resources and geographical location.Gaddafi implemented anti-U.S.foreign policy after the '9.1' revolution,which challenged U.S.interests in North Africa and the Middle East.The Reagan administration tried hard to subvert the Gaddafi regime by military provocation,overt sanction,and covert operation during the 1980's and struck Libya by El Dorado Canyon operation in the name of countering terrorism.The military strike against Libya is U.S.strategic choice after taking into consideration military power comparison,political propaganda,the game of the Cold War and geopolities.The strike is a necessary step of the U.S.national security strategy in North Africa and West Asia.