城市居民旅游环境影响与社会文化影响感知问卷量表的开发

Urban Resident Tourist Environmental Impacts and Social Culture Impacts Perceptions Questionnaire Development

城市居民旅游感知研究,对了解和掌握当地居民对旅游发展的态度与行为意义重大,是旅游地可持续发展的必然要求。作者针对国内城市居民旅游感知进行量表开发,先查阅了大量的国内外相关学术文献,接着进行了深入的文献研究,在此基础上设计了调查问卷初稿,问卷初稿包括居民旅游经济影响感知、旅游环境影响感知、旅游社会文化影响感知、旅游发展态度和满意的总体感知、居民参与旅游发展经营管理水平感知等五个维度,每个维度包括正面影响、负面影响两个构面。随后对初试问卷进行小样本调查,根据小样本调查的数据,使用统计分析软件SPSS16.0进行数据分析,对问卷量表进行信度和效度检验,对问卷测量题项进行净化,剔除相关度较低的测量项目,最终形成正式问卷。分析结果证明,量表具有很高的信度和效度。因篇幅所限,文章只对旅游环境影响感知、旅游社会文化影响感知二个维度的净化过程进行论述。

Research on urban residents＇ tourist impacts perceptions is of great significance to a heahhy tourist development and more importantly, it is a pre-requirement for realizing a sustainable tourist development. In this study, we design a sophisticated survey questionnaire to synthesize all related information on tourist destination resident＇s perception and attitude assessment based on a comprehensive literature review and our new creativity. The initial attempt of this questionnaire design encompasses the following five aspects： 1） economic impacts; 2） environmental impacts; 3） social cultural impacts; 4） participation in tourism management; and 5） an overall perception and attitude. Of each impact, it includes both positive and negative impact types of questions. A pre-test is carried out through sampling a small group of residents to test the soundness of the survey forms. SPSS16.0 is used to analyze the collected data＇s reliability and validity. After removing those with low statistically correlated survey questions, the questionnaire is modified and cleaned to finalize the formal survey questionnaire to be used for a formal large sample survey process. The statistical test results indicate that the designed survey questionnaire exhibits a very high reliability and validity. Due to limited space, the paper gives a detailed description for only two of the five residents＇ perception, including environmental impacts, social cultural impacts toward tourism development.