中小企业集群信任重建机制研究——基于第三方制度干预的视角

Third-party Institutions Facilitation and Trust Reconstruction in SME Clusters

在集群集体信任缺失,无法由企业家私人行为或企业自发行为解决的情况下,需要引入第三方制度干预机制来重建破碎的信任。基于第三方制度干预的信任重建主要在集群系统信任的层级中进行。为实现预期效果,需要建设具有创业导向的第三方制度干预平台。制度干预的内容包含:对过度竞争的管制、冲突纠纷的仲裁以及战略性生产性服务的供给。本文对集群制度干预平台的三个要素(集体企业家、博弈规则以及网络参与者)的具体内涵及其互动关系进行了分析。三要素各自方向上的合力决定了制度干预集群信任重建的效果。本文还探讨了第三方制度干预的三阶段机制,以及与其它信任重建机制的互动关系。

In both developed and developing countries, trust and inter-firm collaboration is not a phenomenon that occurs naturally in clusters. Instead, SMEs have to involve themselves in tense and devastating competition within both internal networks and extemal networks. As a result, the SME clusters are caught into the quagmire of distrust. To address these problems, we propose that third-party trust facilitators can play a vital role in rebuilding trust in clusters within which distrust and non-collaborative environment are normal phenomenon. Regulation, arbitration and service as its main functions, third-party facilitators can not only provide SMEs with public services such as disseminating information, coaching employees, but also identify opportunities, introduce new strategic resources, evaluate benefits and risks, and even act on new ventures. In order to achieve the desired intervention results, clusters need to create an entrcpreneurship-oriented third-party facilitating platform. And composition of forces from the three elements of facilitating platform, namely, collective entrepreneur, game rules and network participants, determine the effect of aggregate trust reconstruction in SME clusters. In addition, the three-stage processes of entrepreneurship-oriented third-party facilitation are discussed. Fir^ally, we illuminate conditions of implementation of these third-party facilitators and dialectical meaning with other reconstruction mechanisms. Our study has theoretical and practical implications for trust reconstruction in many Chinese SME clusters.