外资银行进入对中国银行业绩效影响的实证研究

The Effect of Foreign Entry on the Performance of China's Banking Sector:An Empirical Study

理论研究表明,外资银行的进入,一方面能通过"竞争效应"、"溢出效应"、及"金融稳定效应"提升东道国银行业效率;另一方面也能通过"摘樱桃"行为对东道国银行客户市场及金融稳定性产生冲击。当东道国面临金融危机时,外资银行也有可能成为资本外逃的重要通道。同时,外资银行的进入会产生"人才效应",造成东道国银行业高级人才的流失,降低东道国银行的盈利能力及管理效率。通过对外资银行进入程度与中国银行业绩效的关系进行的实证研究表明:外资银行进入对我国银行业产生的竞争效应有限,而溢出效应、金融稳定效应及人才效应较为显著。另外,国内银行自身规模对银行绩效无重大影响,宏观经济形势的变化对我国银行业绩效虽有一定影响,但影响不大。

Theoretical research indicates that foreign entry,on the one hand,boosts efficiency of banking sector in the host country through ‘competition effect’,‘spillover effect’ and ‘financial stability effect’,and,on the other,impacts customer market and financial stability in the host country through cherry-picking.When the host country is confronted by financial crisis,foreign banks may become an important channel for capital flight.In addition,foreign entry may lead to ‘talent effect’,resulting in brain drain in the banking sector in the host country and lowering its profitability and management efficiency.This paper makes an empirical study of the relationship between foreign entry and the performance of China＇s banking sector.It is found that foreign entry has only limited competition effect,but has significant spillover,financial stability and talent effect.Moreover,the size of domestic banks has no significant impact on their performance,and changes in macroeconomic situation have some but insignificant effect.