少数民族文化风险及其法律规制研究

Ethnic Cultural Risk and Its legal Regulation

现代化进程中少数民族文化风险主要指利益分配不均衡引发的风险,"文化贬低"引发的风险,少数民族文化尊严被漠视引发的风险,传统文化流失所带来的风险,国家文化安全方面的风险等。少数民族文化风险的法律成因主要导源于中国历来的产权制度缺失现象在少数民族文化领域的体现,现行文化法制的缺陷,文化类国际公约在中国实施不充分等。域外的社区知识产权模式、公有领域作品使用付费制度、文化财保护制度、生态博物馆制度、土著权利保护模式等对中国少数民族文化风险的法律规制都有重要的借鉴意义。中国少数民族文化风险法律规制应建立公法与私法并用的混合模式,特别是要构建传统文化产权制度并促进少数民族民众对其文化保护的有效参与。

During the process of modernization,cultural risk refers primarily to ethnic minority risk caused by the uneven distribution of interests,＂cultural depreciation＂,neglect of cultural dignity,the loss of traditional culture,national cultural security and so on.The risk of ethnic minority culture was derived from the phenomenon of lack of property rights system in Chinese ethnic minority culture,the existing defects of cultural legal system,and the insufficient implementation of cultural international conventions in China.Outside the community model of intellectual property rights,payment system using public domain works,cultural property protection,eco-museum system and the mode of protecting the rights of indigenous minority cultures have an important reference to legal regulation of ethnic minority risk in China.Chinese legal regulation of ethnic minority risk should be established with mixed-mode of public law and private law.In particular,we should build a system of property right of the traditional culture and promote ethnic minority people participating effectively in the protection of their culture.