中国热带切花种质资源及其应用现状

Advances in application of tropical cut flower germplasm in China

通过查阅相关文献、网站及实地调查,简要概述了我国海南、云南、广东、福建和台湾等地切花资源现状,介绍了部分重要的热带切花品种,并推荐了几种可大力发展的热带切花品种。热带切花以草本为主,乔木灌木藤本为辅,木本切花近年来也取得了一定的发展。热带切花在以切花为主线的传统发展模式下,切叶也崭露头角,其中以天南星科、百合科和蕨类植物居多,而切枝类当以富贵竹为首。目前,热带切花主要以热带兰和姜目花卉为主,如蝴蝶兰、石斛兰、文心兰和姜花、姜荷花、瓷玫瑰及赫蕉类植物,而以龙船花为代表的木本切花和热带兰花杂交栽培品种莫氏兰有望成为切花新宠,老虎须是近年来新兴起的奇特珍稀切花品种。随着花卉产业的发展,切花产业亦蓬勃发展,为了加强热带切花的品种选育及产业化研究,提高产品的市场竞争力,今后需加强科研及市场的协作;发展规模化生产,创建产品品牌;完善社会化服务体系,加快热带切花市场和信息体系建设;充分发挥龙头企业的带动和辐射作用,为热带鲜切花提供强有力的技术支持,从而促进热带切花的快速发展。

According to the results of referring to relevant literature and websites, and fact survey, the characteristics and application of tropical cut flower resources in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan （China） were summarized in the paper. With introduction to some important tropical cut flowers varieties, the possibilities of having development potentials in several tropical cut flowers varieties were discussed. The tropical cut flower varieties mainly include herbal plants, and some arbor, shrubs and vines and woody cut flowers have made some progress in recent years. Besides the cut flowers, cut leaves are also attracting the consumers in flowering market which mainly belongs to Araceae and Liliaceae families and some pteridophytes, similarly the cut shoots of Dracaena sanderiana. At present, the tropical cut flower varieties mainly include tropical orchid and Zingiberales flowers and plants, such as Phalaenopsis amabilis, Dendrobium nobile, Oncidium, Hedychium coronarium, Curcumaalismatifolia, Etlingera elatior and Heliconia plants. Woody cut flowers represented by Ixora chinensis Lam. and tropical orchid hybrid cultivated variety Mokara are gaining the title of new favorites amongst cut flowers, similarly, Tylophora arenicola is a new rising peculiar rare cut flower variety. With the development of flower industry, cultivation of cut flowers has been developed tremendously in the recent years. In order to strengthen the varietal breeding and industrial researches on tropical cut flowers, improve the market competitiveness, the collaboration of scientific research and market should be strengthened, large-scale production should be developed, and brands should be created, the social service system should be improved, the market and information system of tropical cut flower should be accelerated. Furthermore, big enterprises should play a leading role in promoting and improving the fast development of tropical cut flowers.