一种制备ZnO纳米颗粒的新方法

A novel method for preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles

提出了一种制备ZnO纳米颗粒的新方法。在金属钠的液氨溶液中还原硝酸锌,所形成的金属Zn自然氧化而制得ZnO颗粒。为了研究表面修饰对产物形貌、粒径和性能的影响,制备了十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)修饰的ZnO纳米颗粒。采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重及差热分析仪(TG-DTA)等手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明采用该方法可制得具有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO颗粒,未修饰ZnO颗粒团聚较为严重;修饰的ZnO纳米颗粒呈棒状,分散较好。红外和热分析表明SDS修饰在了ZnO纳米颗粒表面。测试了所制备ZnO颗粒的紫外可见吸收(UV-Vis)和光致发光(PL)谱,均出现了ZnO的特征谱带。提出的方法也适用于制备其它金属或氧化物纳米材料。

A novel method to prepare ZnO nanoparticles is proposed in this paper.This method is based on the reduction of Zn（NO3）2 in liquid ammonia solution of sodium and subsequent oxidization of the newly formed Zn particles in the ambient air.To investigate the effects of surface modification on the morphologies,sizes and properties of the as-synthesized powders,sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） modified ZnO nanoparticles were also prepared.The structures and morphologies of samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis（TG-DTA）.The results show that the as-synthesized ZnO particles exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure.The unmodified ZnO particles aggregate severely,but the surface modified ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a rod-like morphology and disperse well.FT-IR and thermal analysis show that SDS does exist on the surface of modified ZnO nanoparticles.The optical properties of samples were investigated by techniques of UV-Vis spectroscopy（UV-Vis） and room temperature photoluminescence（PL）.The results show that the as-synthesized samples possess the characteristic absorbance bands of ZnO.The method proposed in this paper can be used extensively to prepare other metal and oxides nanomaterials.