论元代乐府诗的入乐问题

On the Composing Scores for Yuefu Poem in Yuan Dynasty

元代的乐府诗,无论是旧题乐府还是新题乐府,大都是可以配乐而唱的。在"乐府音节,自宋已失其传,生今之世,无复能辨之者"的文化背景下,元代乐府诗所具有的这一特点,成为了乐府诗史上的一个奇迹。元代乐府诗所配唱之乐,主要是诗人们(含坊间乐工)创制的"今曲"。因而,"今之曲歌于古,犹古之曲也,古之词歌于今,犹今之词也",就成为了当时诗人们的共识。在这种乐府观念的指导下,元代诗人们无论是于乐府诗还是古诗,大都称之为"歌",即认为其都是可配乐而唱的。于是,元代乐府诗可入乐而歌的现实,与盛行于当时的散曲、杂剧、词体艺术等互相融合,从而构建了中国文学史上的第一个"音乐文学王国"。

Yuefu poem of Yuan Dynasty,whether historical or contemporary,could be scored.It is a miricle that this attribute remains when ‘syllables of Yuefu poem has died out since Song Dynasty and today no one could identify its scores.’ Most of the scores are the new compositions from folk musicians.Thus,it is widely believed that ‘new score with old Yuefu poem sounds like old song;old lyric with new score sounds like new lyric’.With this concept,contemporary poets hold that both Yuefu poems and ancient poems could be songs.Thus scoring of Yuefu poem,integrated with popular Sanqu,Zaju,and Ci,construct the first ＇musical literature kingdom＇ in Chinese literature.