血管性认知损害的影像学研究进展

Progression of Medical Imaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment

血管性认知损害是指由多种原因引起的从轻度认知损害到痴呆的一大类综合征。目前,所有的痴呆标准都是建立在阿尔茨海默病的基础上,过分强调记忆损害在痴呆诊断中的重要作用,而血管性认知损害以皮质下功能损害多见,使得早期由于血管因素而造成的认知功能损害不能及时被诊断出来。VC I诊断标准很不统一,临床诊断主要基于神经心理学量表、临床或影像检查,很难排除主观因素影响且正确率不高,真正确诊仍依赖于尸检证实不含超过年龄相关的神经元纤维缠结和老年斑数,以及其它变性疾患组织学特征,这对早期干预十分不利。影像学作为一种无创的诊断方法,近年发展迅速,在血管性认知损害的早期诊断中起到关键作用,本文就血管性认知损害的影像学研究进展作一综述。

Vascular cognitive impairment was a syndrome from mild cognitive impairment to dementia caused by a variety of reasons.Currently,all dementia standards were established on Alzheimer＇s disease,emphasizing on memory impairment in the diagnosis of dementia.Vascular cognitive impairment was characterized by subcortical dysfunction and early stage of them can not be diagnosed in time.Now the diagnosis standard of VCI was in disunity.The clinic diagnosis was based on neuropsychological scales,clinical and imaging.It was difficult to rule out subjective factors and the correct rate was not high.Final diagnosis still depended on autopsy confirming more than age-related non-neurofibrillary tangles,senile plaque and other histological features of degenerative diseases.This greatly impaired the early intervention.As a atraumatic diagnostic method,medical imaging progressed rapidly and played an important role in the early diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment recently.In this paper we overviewed the progression of medical imaging in the use of vascular cognitive impairment.