旅游概念界定与中国古代旅游发展论略

On the Concept Definition of Tourism and the Tourism Development of Ancient China

目前有关古代是否有旅游的认识分歧实质上是旅游概念认识的分歧。探讨古代是否有旅游的问题,涉及旅游概念的界定与旅游的起源、发展等方面。依有关旅游的概念界定范式分析,公元前6世纪,中国已出现旅游活动,而殷商时代王公贵族的巡游、田猎等活动,或可看做是中国古代旅游的滥觞;中国古代旅游的发展经历了功利型旅游与审美娱乐型旅游两个阶段以及若干高峰;不受功利约束的审美娱乐型旅游的发展促进了旅游的下移扩散与空间扩展。对古代旅游的认知不能完全以现代旅游学理论为圭臬,而应用历史的眼光来加以考察,从而使认知趋于历史与逻辑的统一。

At present,the cognition bifurcation that tourism exists or not in ancient is actually the cognition bifurcation about tourism concept.The discussion on the issue that tourism exists or not in ancient involves the concept definition of tourism and the origin and development of tourism.According to the normal form of related concept definition of tourism,the tourism has existed in China from the 6th century BC,but the tour and hunting of nobilities of Yin-Shang Dynasty may be the origin of ancient China tourism.The development of ancient China tourism experiences two stages,the utility tourism and the aesthetic amusement tourism,and some climaxes.The development of aesthetic amusement tourism promotes the tourism to diffuse in the estate and space.The studying on ancient tourism can＇t follow absolutely the set pattern of modern tourism theories,but with the historical vision,the studying can go to dialectical unity of history and logic.