涵化视角下乡土社区旅游开发文化效应研究

Perspective of Acculturation of Study on the Cultural Effects of Tourism Development in Local Communities

当下乡土社区旅游开发现象显著增多。旅游的发展,使得大量旅游者进入乡土社区,社区乡民可能面临较复杂的文化适应过程,社区文化也面临着变迁与发展的问题。人类学有关文化变迁的涵化研究,关注文化接触中不同群体持续双向互动对个体适应和文化变迁的影响,其概念和方法值得在研究旅游开发导致乡土社区文化效应问题上借鉴。涵化视角可以深化我国乡土社区旅游开发的文化效应问题研究,涵化研究对旅游学科发展具有重大学术价值。国内关于该问题涵化视角的研究较为薄弱。通过案例分析发现,乡土社区在旅游开发之后,文化效应和社会影响多呈正面性,更多地表现为一种接受和适应的涵化过程,但调适的机制尚待完善。未来研究要关注涵化与乡民发展的关系,重视涵化的互动性,注意同一场境中游客的研究。

Phenomena of contemporary rural community tourism development increased significantly.Development of tourism,making a large number of tourists into the local community,people in the community may face a more complex process of cultural adaptation,also face changes and development of community culture.Anthropology acculturation research about cultural change,concerned about the continued interaction among different groups in the cultural contact on individual adaptation and impact of cultural changes,its concepts and methods should be in the study led to local community cultural effects of tourism development on the issue of reference.View of acculturation can deepen our research on the cultural effects of tourism development of native communities,acculturation study on tourism development of great academic value.Domestic acculturation study from the view of the weakness on the issue.Case study found,after the native communities in tourism development,cultural effects and social impact is positive,represents a more acceptable process of acculturation and adaptation,but the adjustment mechanism has yet to be perfected.Future research should focus on acculturation of relations with the villagers,importance to the interaction of acculturation,research on attention of tourists in the same border.