疑问代词“什么”在感叹句中的指称用法分析

The Reference Usage of "Shenme(什么)" in Exclamatory Sentences of Contemporary Chinese

疑问代词"什么"在现代汉语感叹句中的指称用法有:表任指、指称未知或不确知、指称不能确指或无须确指的、指称确知或说话双方都明白的、指称确知或说话双方都明白的等。研究表明,"什么"在感叹句中表指称的用法在陈述句、祈使句中也很多见,因而不是"什么"在感叹句中的独特用法。但有些句式却是感叹句专有的,比如"少跟我X"式、位于句首时的"什么+N"式和"什么+VP"式。出现在这些句式中的"什么"可以看作是感叹句的标志。

There are many reference usages of the interrogative pronoun ＂Sheme（什 么） in exclamatory sentences of contemporary Chinese,including arbitrary reference,refering unknown,referring certainty.The reference usage is also used in declarative sentences and imperative sentences.It is not the unique usage of ＂Shenme＂ in exclamatory sentences of contemporary Chinese.But there are some unique exclamation forms,excluding the forms of ＂少跟我 v 什么 x＂、＂什么＋N＂and＂什么＋VP＂.＂Shenme＂ arises in these forms can be seen the symbol.