我国发展智能电网初探

Smart Grids in China

智能电网对推动社会经济发展具有战略意义。我国发展的是坚强智能电网,具有坚强可靠、经济高效、清洁环保、透明开放、友好互动的特点。建设智能电网具有良好的社会效益和经济效益,可以调整我国区域能源不平衡的问题,为我国能源结构调整提供支持,促进各种电网相关技术全面升级,加速产业结构调整,实现对化石能源的替代。同时可以降低电网企业的运营及建设成本,减少发电装机投资和发电环节运营成本。坚强智能电网所使用的特高压输电具有远距离、大容量和低损耗的优势。预计到2020年,建设运行智能电网实现的节能量相当于减少社会能源投入约1392亿元,并可实现减排二氧化碳约13.8×108t。我国已在与智能电网发展相关的清洁能源技术、电网储能技术、输配电技术、用电技术、信息通信技术及标准与规范等方面取得了一定的技术成果,但仍面临许多问题。需要政府在重大科技项目立项、电网项目核准、电价、资金政策和标准制定方面给予支持;并应尽快启动智能电网框架设计,建立完善标准规范体系;政府应根据电力市场的垄断状况,制定出适合我国智能电网发展的投资及控股制度。

Developing smart grid is of strategic significance to both social and economic development.China is preparing to build a robust smart grid,which will be reliable,economic,efficient,environmentally friendly,transparent,open and interactive.Building a smart grid has both social and economic benefits.It will offer a solution to the imbalanced distribution of energy sources across the country,provide support to the country′s energy mix adjustment,promote the full upgrade of grid-related technologies,facilitate the adjustment of industry structure and help replace part of fossil fuels.A smart grid can also help grid operators reduce operating and construction costs and cut generator investment and varous costs required in power generation.The ultrahigh-voltage power transmission used by robust smart grids is characterized by long distance,large capacity and low loss.It is estimated that the energy saved by China as a result of the introduction of the smart grid will be equivalent to reducing energy cost by around 139.2 billion yuan by 2020.Carbon dioxide emissions are expected to drop by some 13.8×108t.China has made some progress in the development of smart grid-related clean energy technology,grid power storage technology,power transmission and distribution technology,power utilization technology,information and communication technology and related standards and regulations.Challenges,however,remain.The development of smart grids needs government support in a range of areas such as the qualification of key technology development programs,the approval of grid projects and the formulation of electricity price and financial policies and standards.China should also start the framework design for construction of smart grids as soon as possible and establish a standard and regulation system.The government should put in place investment and stake-holding policy systems suitable for the development of smart grids in China,having regard to the status of monopoly in the domestic power market.