基于激光跟踪仪的机床导轨系统误差检测

Measurement of Geometric Error of Machine Tool Guideway System Based on Laser Tracker

针对机床导轨系统的误差补偿问题,提出一种基于激光跟踪仪的机床导轨误差检测方法。利用齐次坐标变换的方法建立导轨系统的误差模型,给出6项原始误差与空间误差的关系。在导轨系统的运动平台上选取不共线的3点,并利用激光跟踪仪检测出3点的空间坐标,然后逆用导轨系统误差模型,建立包含所有机床导轨系统原始误差的方程组,进而求得所有空间误差。实验中,分别利用误差检测方法和传统九线法检测导轨系统的偏摆误差,二者的检测结果一致性非常好,且最大差异只有0.74″,证明了该方法的有效性。相对于传统方法,基于激光跟踪仪的机床导轨误差检测方法操作简单、易于实现。

A method for measuring geometric error components based on laser tracker is proposed for error compensation of machine tool guideway system. Homogeneous transformation is used to establish the mathematical error model of the guide way system which can comprehensively describe the relationship between the geometric error components and the volumetric errors. Three noncollinear points are selected from the stage of guideway system, and the spatial coordinates of these points are collected by laser tracker. Then the mathematical error model is applied inversely to establish a system of equations including all the geometric error components of guideway system, and finally the error components can be obtained by solving this system of equations. The measuring results achieved by the proposed method are in coincidence with those achieved by traditional nine-line method, and the difference is smaller than 0.74＂, which validates the effectiveness of this method. Compared with the traditional methods, the laser-tracker-based geometric error components measuring method for guideway system is easy to implement.