陀思妥耶夫斯基作品中的“地下室人”现象

The Phenomenon of "Underground" Men in Dostoyevsky's Works

"地下室"是陀思妥耶夫斯基发明的术语,旨在描绘人的意识和潜意识的低级结构以及某些人的精神结构。"地下室人"的内心世界充满肮脏和卑鄙,陀思妥耶夫斯基在自己的作品里把"地下室人"的内心世界展示出来,一方面为了更好地理解它,另一方面为了彻底地克服它。本文通过分析《鳄鱼》,《地下室手记》,《罪与罚》和《白痴》等作品,揭示陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下的"地下室人"的本质特征,展示他们走出"地下室"之后在现实生活中的遭遇和命运。

＂Underground＂ is a term coined by Dostoyevsky, which is meant to describe the underdeveloped structure of human consciousness and sub-consciousness and the spiritual structure of human beings. The inner world of ＂underground＂ men is full of filth and despicability. Dostoyevsky reveals the inner world of ＂underground＂ men in his works in order to have a better understanding of it on the one hand, and to overcome it thoroughly on the other. This paper displays the essential characteristics of ＂underground＂ men under the pen of Dostoyevsky and shows their encounters and fates in the real life after they come out of ＂underground＂ by analyzing such works as The Crocodile, Notes From Underground, Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, etc.