“犬儒主义者”的悲剧和死亡——试论《群魔》对《枯枝败叶》的创作影响

The Tragedy and Tragic Ending of the Cynics——On the Influence that Demons Imposed on the Origin of Leaf Storm

《群魔》对于《枯枝败叶》"死者形象"的塑造至关重要,包含人物形象、叙事方式和哲理逻辑的多重关联,它集中体现在两个层面上:一是《枯枝败叶》对"犬儒主义者"这个形象的移植,构成中心人物的独特面貌及其精神界定;二是《枯枝败叶》采用类似《群魔》的人物等级体系的划分方式,以此确立小说叙事模式并试图对中心人物进行有效诠释。通过文本比较分析,我们可以看到《群魔》之于《枯枝败叶》的主体性影响。陀思妥耶夫斯基对加西亚·马尔克斯的深刻影响,是我们研究中长期未能正视的一个课题。对这个课题的研究,一方面有助于廓清《枯枝败叶》在解读中长期积累的疑惑和争议,一方面也使我们更加重视俄国文学在当代跨国多元文化语境中存在的影响。

Demons is of vital importance to the characterization of the image of ＂The Dead＂ in Leaf Storm; the connection lies in the portrait of characters, the narration, the metaphysical pursuit, etc. There are two most evident aspects of certain influence that this essay is going to demonstrate specifically. Firstly, how Garcia Marquez has transplanted the image of ＂the cynics＂ in Leaf Storm, and conceived the unique spiritual world of the central characters. Secondly, Leaf Storm seems to have applied the hierarchic differentiation of characters in Demons and narrated accordingly, in order to form a comprehensive interpretation of the central characters. Through the comparative analysis of the texts, we would be able to see that Demons has greatly influenced Leaf Storm on its subjectivity. The in-depth influence of Dostoevsky to Garcia Marques is a subject that in a way has long been ignored among the scholars; therefore, the study of it would not only help to reveal certain controversial problems and doubts in the understanding of Leaf Storm, but also draw our attention to the significant effect that Russian literature has on the contemporary multicultural environment.