《克里姆·萨姆金的一生》的叙事艺术与形式特色

On the Narrative Techniques and Form Features of The Life of Klim Samgin

高尔基的长篇小说《克里姆·萨姆金的一生》采用第三人称人物有限视角展开叙述,却巧妙地使主人公成为一名"不可靠叙述者",并隐秘地传达出对于他的讽刺态度;作品还设置了一个贯穿始终的哈姆莱特式的问题,运用梦境和幻觉描写及"多镜聚焦"的结构原则来表现人物的心理状态和性格矛盾;作品中不时刮起的"杂语风暴",则恰当地传达出特定时代的精神气候和文化氛围。这一切均显示出高尔基在其晚期创作中对于新的艺术形式和表现方式的积极探索,但是"思想的超载"却影响了这部作品的可读性。

M. Gorky＇s novel The Life of Klim Samgin narrates the story from the limited perspective of the third person while subtly making the hero an ＂unreliable narrator＂, which implies an ironical attitude toward him. A model of Hamlet is set to run through the work, and the description of dreams and illusions and the structural principle of multiple mirror focusing are applied to reveal the psychological state and contradictive disposition of characters. The ＂heteroglosia storm＂ which rages from time to time in the novel appropriately conveys the spiritual and cultural atmosphere of the particular era. All these reflect Gorky＇s active exploration into the new artistic forms and techniques in his late works. However, the ＂overloading of thoughts＂ has impaired the readability of The Life of Klim Samgin.