存在主义意识:《克里姆·萨姆金的一生》的重评

Existentialism: Reappraisal of The Life of Klim Samgin

《克里姆·萨姆金的一生》是高尔基晚年的重要史诗性作品,从作品问世至今俄罗斯学者已从不同角度展开了广泛而又深入的探讨,而我国目前对这部小说的评论角度尚待展开。本文认为在高尔基一生的多数作品中大都蕴涵着俄罗斯存在主义意识,该思想是作家人学思想的一个组成部分,是西欧存在主义思想与俄罗斯哲学精神相结合的产物,表现为三个方面的特征:个人与集体关系、主人公的边缘化存在、叙事风格的意识流。

The Life of Klim Samgin is an important Epic work of Gorky＇s in his old age. Russian scholars have been probing into it extensively and thoroughly from different perspectives ever since it came out. But research into and comments on this novel in China are yet to be made. The author of this paper holds the view that most of Gorky＇s works contain the consciousness of Russian existentialism, which is a component of the writer＇s mannology, and is the product of combining western European existentialism and Russian philosophical spirit. The consciousness of Russian existentialism contained in Gorky＇s works is reflected in the following three aspects： the individual-collective relationship, the marginalized existence of the hero, and the stream of consciousness of the narrative style.