公共政策执行的中国经验

China’s Experience in Public Policy Implementation

国家制订的公共政策需要落实到一定的地方场域,通过政策细化或再规划的过程,才能实现其政策目标,从而形成中央统一性和地方多样性的执行格局,说明公共政策往往具有层级性;同时,任何一项重大的公共政策还具有多属性特征,重大领域的改革政策尤为明显,它同时承载经济、政治、社会、文化和生态等多项任务,其政策目标的实现取决于多部门的合作与配套政策的供给。为防止公共政策在执行中陷入"碎片化",可运用中国特色制度的高位推动,通过层级性治理和多属性治理,采用协调、信任、合作、整合、资源交换和信息交流等相关手段来解决公共政策在央地之间、部门之间的贯彻与落实的问题,这在一定意义上即构成了公共政策执行的中国经验。

To achieve its objectives, a national public policy needs to be implemented in specific local contexts where it is refined and reset. This will give rise to a structure marked by local diversity and central unity, indicating the layered character of public policy. At the same time, each significant public policy, especially reforms in major fields, has multiple attributes. Simultaneously charged with economic, political, social, cultural and ecological missions, it has to rely on multi-sectoral cooperation and supporting policies to realize its objectives. To prevent public policy implementation from being 'fragmented,' it is advisable to introduce an impetus from higher-level authorities, something unique to the Chinese system; to practice hierarchical and multi-objective governance; and to take measures for coordination, trust, cooperation, integration, resource exchange and information communication in order to solve the problem of implementing public policy across sectors and governments at different levels. This can be regarded in a sense as the Chinese experience in the implementation of public policy.