1800-1870年间法国社会思潮的冲突与整合

Conflict and Integration in Social Thought in France: 1800—1870

1800—1870年间的法国,一方面是工业化启动及其基本完成,另一方面是政治上处于不断革命与动荡之中。古老的封建残余十分顽固,启蒙运动和大革命的激情以及工业化带来的新的激情不断催生一次又一次的政治风波,一心一意谋求"秩序"的统治集团一次次陷入手足无措的境地。人们大都持毫不妥协的见解,稳重深刻的意见常常受到冷遇,这种情况直到1870年代才发生重要变化。法国工业化时期的历史远比我们以前想象的要复杂得多,在19世纪上半叶,法国还很少有人能看清国家将走往何方,它的资本主义是在摸索中发展起来的。

The period from 1800 to 1870 saw the launching and basic completion of industrialization as well as ceaseless political revolutions and upheavals in France. The vestiges of ancient feudalism maintained their hold, while passions arising out of the Enlightenment, the French Revolution and industrialization provoked constant political disturbances. The ruling group, engrossed in the pursuit of 'order,' was repeatedly confounded. Uncompromising views dominated society while sober and profound opinions were often neglected. This situation did not change until the 1870s, when great changes took place. The history of industrializing France is far more complex than was previously imagined. In the first half of the 19th century, few could tell what direction the country would take; it was through trial and error that French capitalism developed.