太阳发电机理论研究

Research in Solar Dynamo Theories

太阳活动主要是由磁场产生的,因此,对太阳磁场性质和起源的研究具有重要意义.太阳发电机理论主要研究的是太阳上观测到的与太阳活动相关的磁场起源、磁场特征、各种活动现象之间的相关性及其变化规律.其是太阳物理学中有待解决的最基本、最重要的问题.根据太阳黑子及太阳周期的相关观测,介绍了构成发电机的基本要素,具体描述了各种典型发电机模型,并对其分别进行评述,进而探讨了目前存在的问题及发展方向.

Various activities of the Sun, such as flare, coronal mass ejections, solar wind, which will affect the normal work of satellites, radio communication and electric power system. Therefore, researching the activities of the Sun has great significance for human. Moreover, these activities are dominated by the magnetic field. The purpose of study the solar dynamo theories is not only to unpuzzle the correlation and variation among various activities, but also to explain the origin and character of the magnetic fields on the Sun. The paper briefly reviews the relevant observational data pertaining to sunspots and solar cycle first and researches evolution if the solar dynamo theories. Then the three basic elements of the dynamo, the differential rotation, meridional circulation and magnetic diffusivity, with the fundamental equations of magnetic field generation are introduced. Magnetic induced equation is the first basic equation for dynamo theories and the first item of induced equation is from Ohm Law. Moreover, mean field dynamos which contain Babcock-Leighton dynamo, interface dynamo and flux transport dynamo, non-axisymmetric dynamo, MHD simulation and small scale dynamo are described. The advantages and shortcomings of them are presented respectively. Finally, the existing problems and possible development in the future for solar dynamo theories are suggested.