配方施肥对一年生黑麦草产草量及品质的影响

Effect of fertilization on the yield and forage quality of annual ryegrass

通过大田试验研究了施肥对一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)"特高"的产草量及营养品质的影响,并运用概略养分分析法评价了其饲用营养价值。结果表明,配方施肥1(N450P45K90)和配方施肥2(N540P180K360)均可显著提高黑麦草鲜草产量,与不施肥处理(CK)相比分别增加了2.6倍和3.1倍;配方施肥2处理的产量比配方施肥1处理显著增产12.0%。黑麦草干物质积累速率呈先增加后降低的趋势,播种后130 d左右,日积累速率达最大值,为223.9 kg/(hm2.d)。施肥提高了黑麦草磷、钙、粗蛋白(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)含量,降低了无氮浸出物(NFE)含量。配方施肥2与配方施肥1相比,3次收获的黑麦草CP、EE和粗灰分(CA)含量均有所提高,而粗纤维(CF)和NFE含量则略有降低。两种施肥措施均可显著提高黑麦草CP、EE、CA、CF、NFE及总能量(GE)的产出,且配方施肥2对其影响程度要大于配方施肥1处理。

A field trial was carried out in Hubei province, central area of China to determine the effect of fertilization on the yield and forage quality of annual ryegrass （Lolium multiflorum） by comparing crude protein （CP）, ether extract （EE）, nitrogen free extract （NFE）, acid crude fiber （CF）, crude ash （CA） and gross energy （GE）. The results of this study showed that fertilizer recommendation 1 （N450P45 K90） and fertilizer recommendation 2 （N540P180K360） significantly improved the fresh forage yield of ryegrass, which were 2.6 times and 3.1 times higher than that of CK, respectively. The amount of dry matter accumulation per day firstly increased, and then decreased with the growth of ryegrass, and achieved the maximum with 223.9 kg/（hm^2 · d） at the 130 d after sowing. The yield of fertilizer recommendation 2 increased by 12.0% compared to that of fertilizer recommendation 1. Fertilization increased the content of P, Ca, CP and EE in ryegrass, and decreased the content of NFE. Compared to fertilizer recommendation 1, fertilizer recommendation 2 improved the content of CP, EE and CA, while decreased the content of CF and NFE of three times clipped ryegrass. The fertilization significantly increased yield of CP, EE, CA, CF, NFE and GE, indicating that fertilizer recommendation 2 did better than fertilizer recommendation 1.