类型学视野下的首词重复构式

Epanaphoric Constructions in Chinese:A Typological Perspective

汉语里的首词重复构式的基本格式是"X是X",另外还有两种格式"X是X,Y是Y"和"X是X,……",可以看成基本格式的变体形式。这种格式是一个家族,内部成员的意思和句法特征并不一样。这些语义和句法上的差异既不能从语义解释的一般规则推测出来,也不能从交际语用学的规则推测出来。多种语言的相关情况表明,首词重复在一定程度上是约定俗成的,与特定语言有关(language-specific),每一个此类构式都有特定的意义,这一意义不能根据普遍语用准则(maxims)全部预测出来。因此首词重复是基于个性的现象。然而,多语言的首词重复构式都有句法限制,都有一定程度的非范畴化倾向,因此该现象在某种意义上也具有一定的共性。

In Chinese,the basic construction of epanaphora（a kind of equational tautologies） is ＂X是X＂ and it has two varieties： ＂X是X,Y是Y ＂ and ＂X是X,…＂.The subtypes in the family of the construction differ from one another both semantically and grammatically.The semantic and grammatical differences derive from neither semantic interpretation rules nor pragmatic rules.Relevant multi-linguistic facts show that ＂epanaphoric constructions＂ are partly conventional and language-specific,and each such construction has a specific meaning,which cannot be fully predicated in terms of any universal pragmatic maxims.Therefore,epanaphora is an individuality-based phenomenon.However,according to the multi-linguistic facts,there are syntactic constrains and decategorization to some extent for the epanaphora.Thus,epanaphora is somewhat of universality.