“乌啼兆凶”考辩

A Textual Research on"Crowing Crow Omens Inauspicious Event"

在汉族民众的心目中,"乌鸦"这一普通的飞禽早已成为不祥的征兆。然而,在远古先民的心目中,乌鸦并非恶禽,而为神鸟。其文化象征意义经历了复杂的流变。主要根据文献资料记载,考证宋代是"乌啼兆凶"这一观念的合流期;并从宋代的经济政治、地理环境和主流文化等方面综述在宋代、尤其是南宋时期形成"乌啼兆凶"这一民俗禁忌的具体原因。

Crow,an ordinary bird,has already become an ominous sign in the eyes of Han Chinese.However,it is not regarded as an evil bird but a supernatural one instead in the hearts of ancient people.The cultural symbolic meaning of crow experienced complicated changes.Based on the documents and records,the authors draw a conclusion that the sense of the inauspicious event omened in crow＇s crowing forms in Song Dynasty.Meanwhile,the reasons why the folk taboo of the inauspicious event omened in crow＇s crowing forms in Song,especially in Southern Song Dynasty are reviewed from the aspects of economy and politics,geographical environment and main cultures of Song Dynasty.