桂林甑皮岩洞穴的形成、演化及古人类文化遗址堆积浅议

Primary Research on the Formation and Development of Zengpiyan Cave and the Ancient Cultural Layer at the Zengpiyan Archaeological Site,Guilin,China

研究发现甑皮岩(洞穴)新石器时代遗址文化层堆积不仅具有重要的古人类活动-史前文化研究价值,而且具有旅游观赏价值,是重要的史前文化遗产,是揭示和反映中华远古文明的典型代表。据洞穴石笋、钙华测年及年溶蚀率推测,桂林甑皮岩洞穴形成年代大约是在晚更新世时期。而据文化堆积层中的陶片、古动物化石测年、炭灰和孢粉记录表明,文化层从距今12500年左右开始沉积,并于7600年结束,延续时间长达5000年。该遗址在史前考古中占有重要地位,为华南地区史前文化的发展序列和探求桂林历史文化的渊源提供了极为重要的考古依据。

The Zengpiyan Cave,located in the southwest of Guilin City,is a footcave of the isolated hill in the peakforest plain.This cave,developing in the sparite and calcirudite from the Rongxian Group of the Devonian system（D3r）,is composed of dry cave and water cave.Abundant secondary chemical sediments,including travertine,stalagmite and stalacto-stalagmite and ancient cultural layers,were discovered.The Zengpiyan archaeological site is a significant prehistorical cultural heritage of China and it is the representative site to show the ancient culture of China.This site not only carries the value for research of the interaction of paleoenvironmental changes and prehistorical culture,but also the value for tourism and sightseeing.On the basis of the dates of stalagmite and travertine and the rates of corrosion,it is estimated that the Zengpiyan cave was formed during the Late Pleistocene.Dating of pottery sherds,animal remains and charcoal and pollen records,however,suggested that the cultural layers began to be deposited from 12,500 to 7600 aBP,lasting for about 5000 years.The Zengpiyan archaeological site provides an important archaeological evidence for the developmental sequence of prehistorical culture in South China and the origin of Guilin ancient culture.This site plays an important role in prehistorical archaeological research in China.