矿业废弃物酸化及治理技术研究进展

Progress in Research on Remediation Technologies of Acidification of Mine Wastes

矿业废弃物酸化是矿山环境污染的主要问题之一。酸化污染具有广泛性、严重性和长期性特点,世界各国都高度重视对固体酸化废弃物治理的研究。本文综述了矿业废弃物的酸化过程、控制机理、治理措施及研究进展。目前国内外发展的矿业废弃物酸化治理措施主要包括物理隔离技术、化学中和技术、植物稳定技术和微生物治理技术等。其中物理隔离技术费用较高,微生物治理技术比较难以控制,化学中和技术和植物稳定技术是目前各国普遍采用的治理酸化的主要措施。

Acidification of mine wastes is one of the main problems of environment pollution.The pollution resulted form acidification is always ubiquitous,serious and long-lasting.So much attention has been paid to developing remediation technologies for acidification of mine wastes.This paper reviews the acid-forming processes,acid-inhibition mechanisms and acidification-remediation strategies of mine wastes.Current approaches to acidification remediation involve isolation technology with physical barriers,neutralization technology with chemical matter,phytostabilization technology and microbiological technology and so on.Of the above technologies,isolation technology with physical barriers may be impractical due to the high level of financial and technical input.Microbiological technology is always difficult to forecast and control.Therefore,both neutralization technology with chemical matter and phytostabilization technology have been widely employed to prevent acidification of mine wastes all over the world.