相背而驰 殊途同归——比较分析中俄高等教育入学考试及变革趋势

Studying the Reform of the National Uniform College Entrance in Russia and China

国家统一考试在俄罗斯从无到有,其产生、发展到全国推行具有特定的历史背景。从教育、社会、政治和国际化四个维度分析,俄罗斯高等教育入学考试由分散向统一的变革趋势具有适切性,与国家大政方针和文化战略一脉相承。几乎同期,中国高等教育入学考试经历着由统一向分散的变革趋势。两国看似相悖的发展路径实则体现出认识论哲学和政治论哲学的冲突、大学与政府权力的博弈及公平和效率的两难等共性问题,更为重要的是体现出两国政府对教育公平的不懈追求。

Russia＇s uniform college entrance examination starts from zero and its birth, development and nationwide enforcement have a particular historical background. The paper addresses the Russian transform of national uniforn＇s college entrance examination from 4 perspectives： Education, Society, Politics and Internalization： The transform in Russia is from distribution to consolidation, while at the same time, China has experienced the opposite process. The transform and strategy between the 2 countries have 3 main features as follows： the contradiction between epistemology and political philosophy, the game between the university and government, the dilemma of balance of equity and efficiency.