北京市妇女孕前体重与孕期体重增加及产后滞留体重的关系

Association of pre-pregnancy body weight, gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention among women in Beijing

目的分析北京市妇女孕前体重与孕期体重增加及产后体重滞留的关系。方法采用队列研究方法，2009年2月5习至3月1513对在北京市某区妇产医院建围产保健卡的600名孕妇进行随访。产后6个月时按照调查总人数的20％继续随访，实际随访112名，有效数据为109名；产后12个月时追踪到70名，有效数据66名。按照孕前体质指数（BMI）分为低体重组（BMI〈18．5kg／m^2）、正常组（18．5kg／m^2≤BMI≤24．0kg／m^2）和超重及肥胖组（BMI〉24．0kg／^2）；测量不同阶段体重及其变化，计算产后体重滞留率。结果调查对象孕前及产前体重分别为（54．8-t-8．O）、（70．84-9．3）kg，孕期体重增加了（16．0±7．0）kg；产后6个月和12个月体重分别是（60．5±9．4）、（57．64-8．6）kg，比孕前分别增加了（5．7±4．5）、（2．7±4．5）kg，体重滞留率分别为（10．6±8．6）％和（5．2±9．3）％。孕前低体重、正常体重和超重及肥胖组女性的产前体重分别为（62．6±5．7）、（69．9±6．6）和（84．24-9．9）kg；产后12个月分别为（49．3±3．2）、（56．5±6．9）和（70．54±6．0）kg（F=25．3，P〈0．01）；产后12个月时，孕前低体重、超重及肥胖组女性产后滞留体重分别为（5．64±5．9）、（4．74±1．9）kg，高于孕前体重正常组[（1．84±4．3）kg]（F=3．82，P〈0．05）。结论孕前体重是影响孕期体重增加和产后体重滞留的重要因素。

Objective To investigate the relationship of pre-pregnancy body weight, gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention among women in Beijing. Methods Using a cohort design, 600 pregnant women who went to district obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Beijing to establish preconception health care card from 5th February to 15th March 2009 were recruited. A total of 112 subjects （109 with valid data）,20% of that in baseline, were followed up at 6 mouths after delivery. 70 subjects （66 with valid data） were followed up at one year after delivery. Weight,weight changes and postpartum weight retention were measured for low weight（ BMI 〈 18.5 kg/m^2 ） , normal weight（ 18. 5 kg/m^2 ≤ BMI ≤ 24. 0 kg/m^2 ） and overweight or obesity （ BMI 〉 24.0 kg/m^2 ） group. Results The pre-pregnancy weight and antenatal weight were （ 54. 8 ± 8.0 ） and （ 70. 8 ± 9. 3 ） kg respectively. Gestational weight gain was （ 16.0 ± 7. 0 ） kg. The postpartum weight of 6 and 12 months were （ 60. 5 ± 9. 4 ） and （ 57. 6 ± 8. 6 ） kg respectively. Comparing to pre-pregnancy, postpartum weight retention in 6 months and 12 months were （5.7±4.5） and （2.7±4.5） kg, weight retention rates were （10.6 ±8.6）% and （5.2 s=9.3）%. Antenatal weight among low pre-pregnancy weight group, normal weight and overweight and obese women were （62. 6 ± 5.7 ）, （ 69. 9±6. 6 ） and （ 84. 2 ~ 9. 9 ） kg, and weight at postpartum 12 months among 3 groups were （49.3±3.2）,（56.5 ±6.9） and （70.5±6.0）kg respectively（F=25.3,P〈0. 01）;At postpartum 12 months,low pre-pregnancy weight group （ （5.6 ± 5.9 ）kg）, overweight and obese women group（ （4. 7 ±1.9） kg） postpartum weight retention was significantly higher than that of the normal weight group （ （ 1.8 ± 4.3 ） kg） （ F = 3. 82, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conehtsion The pre-pregnancy body weight is a key risk factor in weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention.