当前我国甘蔗品种选育与推广中存在的突出问题及对策

Major Problems and Strategy in Sugarcane Breeding and Variety Extension in China

本文对影响当前我国甘蔗产业可持续发展的品种选育、配套栽培管理及政策等重要问题进行了深入分析。认为解决这些问题的基本策略是改变片面追求产量和糖分、不重视综合效益的育种策略,实行育种目标多元化,加强宿根性与抗性育种,传统育种与生物技术育种有机结合,加速新种质、新材料利用和亲本更新,扩大育种规模、实行分区育种,同时加强健康种苗推广应用、育种良法结合和实施原料蔗按质论价收购政策。文中还简要介绍了粤糖60号、粤糖55号和粤糖93-159等优良品种及其栽培技术要点。

Major Problems from sugarcane variety status and corresponding cultivation and production management, which have important influence on the sustainable development of sugarcane industry in China, are analyzed in detail in this paper. It is considered that the solutions to these include changing traditional breeding strategies of excessive pursuit of cane yield and sucrose content but thinking little of overall economic results, diversifying breeding objectives, breeding good varieties with good rationing and good stress resistance, incorporating traditional techniques with modem biotechnology, speeding up the use of new germplasm and new breeding materials for facilitating the replacement of sugarcane parents, properly enlarging breeding scale, conducting regional breeding plan, and enhancing the extension of healthy seed cane, integrated application of good varieties with corresponding cultivation techniques and the pay-by-quality policy. Some elite varieties and the key points of corresponding techniques are also introduced.