2007-2008年北京市0～6岁儿童伤害社区监测结果分析

Community based injury surveillance among children of 0～6 years old in Beijing

【目的】通过社区监测了解儿童伤害特点,制定有针对性的干预措施。【方法】采用分层整群抽样方法抽取北京市城市2个街道和农村3个乡镇,通过社区卫生服务中心和幼儿园监测0～6岁儿童伤害发生情况。【结果】2007-2008年平均每年监测0～6岁儿童8 085人,2年中,0～6岁儿童伤害发生率从2.09%下降至1.75%。儿童主要伤害原因为跌伤(49.51%)、钝器伤(12.30%)、动物伤害(10.36%)、烧烫伤(10.03%)和道路交通伤害(8.09%);城市儿童以跌伤、钝器伤为主,农村儿童以跌伤、动物伤害和道路交通伤害为主。儿童伤害主要发生地点为家中(32.04%)、幼儿园(22.98%)、院子/楼梯/楼道(14.24%)、道路(13.59%)和休闲活动场所(11.33%);主要伤害部位为头部(50.81%)、上肢(28.80%)和下肢(14.24%);以无意伤害、轻度伤害为主。【结论】社区伤害监测为儿童伤害预防提供了一个切实可行的数据收集途径。跌伤、钝器伤是城市儿童防范的重点,犬咬伤和自行车辐条伤是农村儿童防范重点。

[Objective] To understand the pattern of child injury through community based surveillance and to provide evidence for targeted interventions. [Methods] Children of 0-6 years old in 2 urban and 3 rural communities in Beijing, were included in the injury surveillance system by stratified cluster sampling. Injury data were collected at community primary health care centers and community kindergartens located in these communities. [Results] From 2007 to 2008, an average of 8,085 children per year were covered by the surveillance. Injury incidence rates were reduced from 2.09% to 1.75%, The main causes of injury were falls （49.52%）, blunt object injury（12.30%）, animal injury（10.36%）, burn/ scald（10.03%）, and traffic injury（8.09%）. The main causes in urban area were falls and blunt object injuries whereas in rural area were falls, animal injuries, and traffic injuries. The majority of injuries happened at home（32.04%）, kindergarten（22.98%）, courtyard/stair/corridor（14. 24%）, road（13.59%） and public places（11. 33%）. Head（50.81%）, upper limbs（28.80%） and lower limbs（14.24%） were injured more frequently than other parts of the body. The majority of the injuries are unintentional, minor injuries. [Conclusions] Community based injury surveillance provides a viable source of data collection for child injury prevention. In urban area, interventions should focus on falls and blunt object injuries, whereas dog bites and injuries resulting from children getting their feet caught in bicycle wheels are the focuses in rural area.