简单放热化学反应体系热安全性研究判据

Research criteria of thermal safety of simple exothermic chemical reaction system

许多危险化学物质在发生热化学反应的同时通常会放出热量,如果能量不能有效释放就可能引起火灾和爆炸事故,考虑到化学物质对热的响应方式非常复杂,从分析绝热条件下化学物质的热化学反应动力学入手,利用化学物质的物理化学特性参数计算化学反应体系在绝热条件下发生热化学反应的温升速率dT/dt,进而获得有关的动力学因子A,E等。结果表明,尽管在近似绝热条件下化学反应体系的热化学反应与其本身的特性和反应容器有关,但温升速率dT/dt只与物质的物理化学特性参数有关。含氯酸钾的几种简单放热反应体系的ARC实验结果进一步验证了这一结论。因此,同一种化学物质与不同物质构成的多元混合反应体系在相同近似绝热条件下的热化学反应特征参数,可以作为判据用来比较并评价体系的相对安全性,该判据对表征热化学反应的难易程度以及物质的相对安全性起到一定的指导意义。

Many hazardous chemicals usually release heats when chemical reaction is occured,if the energy can not be effectively released,it may cause fire and explosion.Considering the heat response of chemicals is very complex way,then from the thermochemical reaction kinetic analysis of chemical reaction system under adiabatic condition,by using the chemical substances＇ physical and chemical properties to calculate the temperature rise rate（dT/dt）,and then obtain the dynamic factors,A,E and so on.The results show that,despite the chemical reaction is effected by both its own properties and the reaction container,yet the temperature rise rate（dT/dt） is only related to the properties of chemical substances.The ARC test results on several simple exothermic reaction systems containing potassium chlorate further validate the conclusion.Therefore,those parameters of thermal-chemical reactions obtained from the composition of the same chemical substance with different materials under the similar adiabatic condition can be used as criteria to compare and evaluate the system＇s relative security,which can be used to characterize the thermo-chemical reaction relative safety.