城市居民社区感研究——基于上海市的实证调查

Sense of Community on Urban Residents——Based on the Empirical Research in Shanghai

社区感(Sense of Community)作为一种连接居民与社区、居民与居民之间的情感要素,是社区存在和发展的基础。本研究在结合国外有关研究成果及实证调研的基础上,运用社会学的有关理论和方法对城市居民社区感的测量、影响因素、发展现状与趋势、社区感的作用及培育策略等方面进行了全面分析和探讨。基于实证调查的数据,本研究开发了一个信度和效度兼具的中国城市居民社区感测量量表。通过因子分析发现城市居民社区感主要由归属感和满意度两大因子构成。方差分析和回归分析发现社区感的影响因素主要有:个体因素(婚姻、政治面貌、年龄、社会经济地位)、居住因素(居住时间、居住地区、社区环境)和互动因素(社区参与、居民间互动、社区支持)。其中社区环境是社区感最重要的影响变量,居民的社区互动与社区感是一对具有双向影响的变量,社区归属感主要受社区参与和居民间互动的影响,社区满意度主要受社区支持的影响。现阶段上海市居民的社区感普遍处于中等偏上的水平,城市和城市化并不必然对居民的社区感造成负面影响。

As the foundation of community and community development,sense of community is a connection with the community and residents.Base on the results of relevant research abroad and data from empirical investigation,this paper discusses the problems of measurement、influence factors、current situation、tendency、effect and cultivating strategies on sense of community by using sociological theory and method.Base on the empirical research,this paper develops a measuring scale of sense of community which has satisfactory reliability and validity.Sense of community consists of community attachment and satisfaction found by EFA and CFA.Individual factors(marriage、politics status、age、SES)、living factors(period、region、environment)and interaction factors(community participation、interaction between residents、community support) are the major effective factors on sense of community found by ANOVA and regression analysis.The environment of community is the most significant influence variable among them.The pair of sense of community and community interaction has two-way effect.Community attachment is mainly affected by community participation and interaction between residents.Community satisfaction is mainly affected by community support.Currently,the average of sense of community index in Shanghai is above medium level.City and urbanization will not necessarily cause negative effects on sense of community.