基于管理目标的塔里木河干流下游生态需水研究

Research on ecologic water requirements in downstream of Tarim River based on management object

依据生态管理思想,建立基于管理目标的塔河下游生态需水研究体系:首先根据流域自然地理特征、生态保护规划等进行生态管理分区,在各分区内设定不同的管理目标,并进行生态需水计算。最后综合水资源配置的结果,探讨生态用水及其配置方式问题。研究认为:塔河干流下游生态需水量在不同管理目标下存在显著差异,应综合生态环境、水资源、社会经济等的现状和发展要求,拟定动态的生态保护目标;以应急输水为主的生态用水方式是有成效的,但由于现行应急输水方式并不具有可持续性,研究区生态存在较大风险;在生态用水配置方面,应该通过优化输水时间和输水方式使有限的水资源与生态需水的时空要求最大化匹配。

According to eco-environment management ideology and theories,the paper established the research system on ecological water requirements in Tarim River based on management object.First,according to natural geographical characteristics and ecological protective plan,the basin were divided into different eco-environment management subareas.Then in subareas eco-environment management goals were determined.Furthermore,the eco-environmental water requirements were calculated.Finally,the amount of eco-environmental water use and its allocation way were discussed.We found that there were great differences among eco-environmental water requirements in various management goals.To set up dynamic eco-environmental protection goals,the recent condition and development trend in research region should be taken into consideration;Emergent ecological water conveyance is effective to renew the eco-environment system health.However,because this way is not sustainable,eco-environment system involves great risks;we should take engineering and non-engineering measures to optimize the distribution of limited water resources to meet eco-environmental water requirement in space-time.