植物自花授粉的类型及其适应性进化

Categories and Adaptive Evolution of Plant Self-pollination

综述了植物自花授粉的方式和类型,分析了自花授粉的生态适应性、可能的进化趋势及其影响因素.自花授粉是指两性花中雌雄蕊之间的授粉,通常也包括同株异花间的授粉.植物按授粉方式可分为自花授粉植物、异花授粉植物和常异花授粉植物3类.在自然界很少有绝对自花授粉的植物,都存在一定频率的异交,根据其自交发生的时间,可将自交分为3种方式:优先自交、竞争自交和滞后自交.自交进化的假说主要集中在两个方面,即繁殖保障和自动选择优势,并已得到广泛的数据支持.分子生物学和生态学相结合的研究方法将进一步揭示植物自花授粉的形成与进化机制.

In this paper, the ways and categories are overviewed, and ecological adaptation and possible evolution- ary trends of plant self - pollination and their influencing factors are also analyzed. The self - pollination refers to the pollination between the pistil and stamen of the same bisexuanl flower, often including the pollination between different flowers in the same strain. Plants can be divided into 3 categories ： self - pollinated plant, cross - pollina- ted plant, and often cross - pollinated plants according to pollinating ways. There is rarely absolute self - pollinated plants and is always a certain frequency of out - crossing in nature, so according to the time that the self - pollina- tion occurred, the selfing modes can be divided into three kinds ： prior - selfing, competing selfing and delayed sel- ring. The self- evolution hypothesis focus on two aspects： reproduction assurance and automatic＂ selective advan- tage, and have been widely supported by ogy will further reveal the formation and data. The research methods of combination of molecular biology and ecol- evolution mechanism of plant self -pollination.